Development of a Model for Palliative Spiritual Care Based on Sufi Da’wah: Integration of Tazkiyat al-Nafs for Muslim Patients at the End of Life
Abstract
This study explores the spiritual needs of Muslim palliative care patients, develops a model of palliative spiritual care grounded in Sufi da'wah (Islamic preaching) for end-of-life care, and examines the model’s perceived relevance and potential contribution to patients’ spiritual well-being at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital in Semarang. This study used an interpretive qualitative approach, collecting data through semi-structured in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with spiritual counsellors, healthcare workers, and academics. Data were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s six-step model and ensured validity through source and data triangulation, member checking, and researcher reflexivity. Findings indicate that Muslim palliative care patients’ spiritual needs include reconciliation and forgiveness, seeking meaning in suffering, spiritual connection with the faith community, preparation for husnul khatimah (a good ending), and inner peace. Based on these findings, the study developed a model of palliative spiritual care grounded in Sufi da'wah, comprising three main pillars: takhalli (cleansing), tahalli (adorning), and tajalli (illumination). Participants perceived the model as helpful in addressing spiritual distress, existential anxiety, guilt, and subjective experiences of pain, while strengthening self-acceptance, spiritual coping, and inner peace. The findings suggest that integrating Sufi da'wah and Tazkiyat al-Nafs purification of the soul) may strengthen palliative spiritual care in ways that are holistic, transformative, and responsive to the spiritual needs of Muslim patients at the end of life.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/addin.v20i2.37358
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