PENGARUH BELANJA PEMERINTAH DAN PEMBIAYAAN BANK SYARIAH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI: STUDI KASUS DATA PANEL PROVINSI DI INDONESIA
Abstract
Indonesia’s economy grows persistently with positive growth when developed countries are otherwise. In the meantime, government expenditure increases gradually in order to boost economic growth of the country. In literatures, the impact of government fiscal policy to the outputs or national income varies, as well as the impact of banking sector including Islamic banking sector. Therefore, this study aims to empirically analyze the impact of government expenditure and Islamic banking financing for economic growth by utilizing panel data of 33 provinces in Indonesia during 2010-2015. Besides that, the number of investment and employment were included as explanatory factors for regional economic growth in the study. Methodologically, common, fixed and random effects were employed to estimate coefficient of the independent variables. The study finds that government expenditure, Islamic banking financing, investment and number of employments have significant-positive influence to regional economic growth in Indonesia. Therefore, government’s fiscal policy as well as Islamic banking financing contributed to the economic growth.
Indonesia mengalami pertumbuhan ekonomi yang konsisten secara positif di saat negara-negara maju mengalami pertumbuhan ekonomi yang minus. Di sisi lain, pengeluaran pemerintah cenderung meningkat dari waktu ke waktu dengan maksud untuk mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi. Namun demikian, berdasarkan studi empiris kebijakan fiskal yang dimaksudkan untuk mempengaruhi pendapatan nasional menunjukkan kesimpulan yang beranekaragam. Begitupula dengan pengaruh sektor perbankan termasuk di dalamnya sistem perbankan syariah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis pengaruh belanja pemerintah dan pembiayaan bank syariah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan menggunakan data panel 33 provinsi di Indonesia untuk periode 2010-2015. Selain itu, tingkat investasi dan tenaga kerja dimasukkan sebagai faktor explanatori untuk pertumbuhan ekonomi regional. Metode common effect, fixed effect, dan random effect digunakan untuk mengestimasi nilai pengaruh variabel-variabel independen. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa belanja pemerintah, pembiayaan banks syariah, investasi dan jumlah tenaga kerja berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi regional di Indonesia. Dengan demikian, kebijakan fiskal pemerintah dan kegiatan intermediasi perbankan syariah berkontribusi dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/iqtishadia.v10i1.2320
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