QINI Khalwat to Strengthen Spiritual, Moral, and Philanthropic Values in the Idrisiyyah Order in Tasikmalaya
Abstract
This study examines the QINI practice, a khalwat ritual within the Idrisiyyah Order in Pagendingan, Tasikmalaya, as a means of developing spiritual, moral, and philanthropic values. The term QINI derives from the Arabic qinī, meaning ‘protect me’, and is understood as a spiritual endeavor to attain a noble life through God’s forgiveness and mercy. The study focuses on strengthening spirituality, morality, and philanthropy cultivated through the QINI ritual, and on the interconnectedness of these values within the Idrisiyyah community. The study employs a historical-anthropological approach and qualitative methods, using participant observation, in-depth interviews, and content analysis of relevant documentary sources. The findings show that QINI Khalwat has developed dynamically and in transformative ways under the guidance of the murshids, particularly Sheik Akbar Muhammad Fathurahman. The ritual is conducted for three days and three nights in Rajab, Zulhijah, and Rabiulawal. During the khalwat, participants deepen their spiritual experience through dhikr, awrad, and intensive guidance from the murshid concerning the importance of closeness to God and the cultivation of zuhd. These spiritual values are expressed through social concern in the Lelang Toh Tohan tradition, which has raised billions of Indonesian rupiah in philanthropic funds. The funds support education, da‘wah, and the socio-economic empowerment of members of the Idrisiyyah Order and the wider community. The study concludes that QINI Khalwat establishes a close relationship between spiritual strengthening, moral formation, and philanthropic practice. Spiritual deepening fosters moral character that encourages social concern. The findings indicate that the ritual serves as a medium for spiritual development and contributes to community welfare. Thus, QINI Khalwat represents a transformative model of religious life in the Indonesian context.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdurahman, D., & Badriza, K. (2021). Sufism, orthodoxy, and nationalism in modern Islamic civilization in North Africa from the 19th-20th century. Sunan Kalijaga: International Journal of Islamic Civilization, 4(2), 129–151. https://doi.org/10.14421/skijic.v4i2.1995
Abdurahman, D., & Nur, S. (2019). Sufisme Nusantara: Sejarah, pemikiran dan gerakan. Penerbit Ombak. https://penerbitombak.com/product/sufisme-nusantara/
Anoraga, B. (2024). A decade of charitable crowdfunding and its impacts on the social justice trajectory of Islamic philanthropy in Indonesia. Advances in Southeast Asian Studies, 17(1), 5–24. https://doi.org/10.14764/10.ASEAS-0094
Asbury, M. E. (2022). Naqshbandi mujaddidi mysticism in the West: The case of Azad Rasool and his heirs. Religions, 13(8), 690. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13080690
Azis, M. A., Yulianti, Y., & Gojali, M. (2021). Nilai sufistik tarekat Idrisiyyah dalam mengembangkan karakter santri. Jurnal Riset Agama, 1(3), 749–764. https://doi.org/10.15575/jra.v1i3.15593
Badaruddin, F., & Mahyuddin, M. K. (2021). Autoriti sanad tarekat dan peranannya dalam ilmu tasawuf. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 20, 34–44. https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.20.2021.208
Bahruddin, S. (2012). Sabilus Salikin: Ensiklopedi Thariqoh-Tashawwuf. Pondok Pesantren Ngalah. http://archive.org/details/kyai-sholeh-bahruddin-pasuruan-dkk.-sabilus-salikin-ensiklopedi-thoriqoh-tashowwuf-2012
Baried, A. B. (2022). Sufisme and business: Study of social and business activities of the Tarekat Al-Idrisiyyah in Indonesia. Jurnal Studi Agama Dan Masyarakat, 18(2), 116–129. https://doi.org/10.23971/jsam.v18i2.3808
Biyanto, B. (2017). The typology of Muhammadiyah Sufism: Tracing its figures’ thoughts and exemplary lives. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 7(2), 221–249. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v7i2.221-249
Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications Inc.
Dahlan, M. (1979). Sepintas mengenai Thariqat al-Idrisiyyah. Yayasan Fadris.
Hassan, H. A. (2020). Sufi Islamic discourse in Africa: From the greatest jihad to the establishment of the African caliphate. Religions, 11(12), 639. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11120639
Ismail, A. U. (2023). The socio-economic movements of Sufis: Exploring spiritual entrepreneurship of the Idrisiyyah Ṭarīqah at Pagendingan Tasikmalaya Indonesia. ILMU USHULUDDIN, 126–147. https://doi.org/10.15408/iu.v10i2.37839
Lestari, R., Nurleli, & Pradifta, R. (2023). Islamic philanthropy institutions and the welfare of the people. KnE Social Sciences, 1045–1054. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i18.14310
Munandar, S. A., & Fahrurrozi, F. (2024). Transformation of Islamic philanthropy by the Idrisiyyah tariqa in the digital era. Al-Qalam, 30(2), 212–225. https://doi.org/10.31969/alq.v30i2.1530
Mursalat, M., & Munandar, S. A. (2022). Socio-economic dimensions of the Al-Idrisiyah Tarekat in Indonesia: Doctrine and practice. Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif, 17(1), 205–232. https://doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v17i1.2543
Pahlevi, R. (2022). Konsep zuhud dalam perilaku bisnis di Pondok Pesantren Tarekat Idrisiyyah Tasikmalaya. Jurnal Studi Agama Dan Masyarakat, 18(2), 83–93. https://doi.org/10.23971/jsam.v18i2.3474
Pili, S. B. (2019). Tarekat Idrisiyyah, sejarah dan ajarannya. Penerbit Mawahib. https://www.mawahib.id/product/288/
Rahmat, M., & Yahya, M. W. (2021). How to improve the honesty of students in Indonesia? Sufism-based Islamic education model as an alternative. International Journal of Education and Practice, 9(1), 80–92. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.61.2021.91.80.92
Redaktur TQN News. (2017, December 5). Tarekat Idrisiyyah. TQN News. https://tqnnews.com/tarekat-idrisiyyah/
Richey, R. C., & Klein, J. D. (2014). Design and development research: Methods, strategies, and issues. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203826034
Rubaidi, R. (2020). The new pseudo-sufi order of the Majelis Shalawat among urban Muslims in East Java. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 14(2), 431–456. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2020.14.2.431-456
Saliyo, Koentjoro, & Subandi. (2023). The teachings of the Naqsabandiyah Khalidiyah Tarekat as a therapy to improve worship: Psychology of counseling. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 56–71. https://thenewjsri.ro/index.php/njsri/article/view/183
Sherman, J. H. (2023). Philosophy of religion in a fragmented age: Practice and participatory realism. Religions, 14(3), 424. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14030424
Smith, B. J. (2021). Sufism and the sacred feminine in Lombok, Indonesia: Situating spirit Queen Dewi Anjani and female saints in Nahdlatul Wathan. Religions, 12(8), 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12080563
Suwito, S., Novianti, I., Suparjo, S., Widaputri, C. A., & Nuha, M. ’Azmi. (2022). Hybrid Sufism for enhancing quality of life: Ethnographic perspective in Indonesia. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies, 78(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i4.7198
Thohri, M., & Hadisaputra, P. (2022). Urban Sufism of the Kopiah Community in Jayapura. Ulumuna, 26(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v26i1.475
Yusuf, S. M. (2020). Inter-subjectivity of khalwat (suluk) members in the tarekat Naqsyabandiyah Khalidiyah Ponorogo. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 10(1), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v10i1.103-126
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v14i1.33954
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.